1.	A.V. + (어/아) 봐야지요
	=> "should (try) . . . ," "must (try to) . . . "

This pattern expresses the speaker's intention to try to do something. It means "I will certainly try . . ." or "I should try . . ." 

• 설악산에도 가 봐야지요.
  => I should (try to) go to the Sŏrak Mountains.

• 신사임당의 시를 읽어 봐야지.
  => I must (try to) read Lady Shin Sa-im-dang's poems.

• 그림도 구해 봐야지.
  => I must try to find her paintings.

Note that -(어/아)야지 expresses the intention of the speaker, as in "I should" or "I must."

• 지금 집에 가야지.  
  => I should go home now.

• 밥 먹어야지.
  => I should eat.

• 숙제를 해야지.
  => I should do my homework.

The informal speech ending -지(요) can be either a statement or a question, depending on the intonation and context.

• 비행기표를 사지? 
  => You will buy the airplane ticket, won't you?
  
• 한국은 추석 때에 바쁘지요. 
  => (I'm saying that) they are busy during Ch'usŏk.

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2.	a.	N. + ㄹ/일 텐데(요)
		=> "I imagine," "I would think," "it must be"
	b.	V. + ㄹ/을 텐데(요)
		=> "I imagine," "I would think," "it must be"

This short connective form of -을/일 터인데 indicates the speaker's expectation or anticipation. It is derived from the verb 터이다 "to expect" and the connective -ㄴ/는데.

(a)

• 동부에 단풍이 한창일 텐데(요). 
  => The fall foliage must be wonderful in the East.
  
• 오늘이 동생 생일일 텐데 케이크를 먹었는지 모르겠다. 
  => Today must be my younger sibling's birthday, but I don't know whether he/she had a cake.

 (b) 

• 피곤할 텐데 자지도 않고 책을 본다. 
  => He must be tired, but he reads on without sleeping.
  
• 날씨가 추울 텐데 반바지를 입고 돌아다닌다. 
  => The weather should be cold, but he is walking around in shorts.

Note that V. + ㄹ/을 테니(까) means "since/because (it is expected to)." It indicates the speaker's expectation in regard to an event or an action. This construction comes from the connective (으)니까 "because" attached to the ㄹ/을 터이다 "is expected" ending.

• 걸어가야 할 테니(까) 편한 신을 신으세요. 
  => Since we'll have to walk, please wear comfortable shoes.
  
• 내일까지 다 마칠 테니(까) 너무 걱정하지 마세요. 
  => I'll finish them all by tomorrow, so don't worry too much.
  
• 날씨가 추울 테니까 두꺼운 옷을 입고 나가세요. 
  => The weather will be cold, so go out with thick (warm) clothes on.
  
• 버스 타면 늦을 테니까 지하철을 타자. 
  => We'll be late if we take a bus, so let's go by subway. 

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3.	D.V. + ㄴ/은가 봐요
	=> "I think it is," "it seems"
	A.V. + 나 봐요
	=> "I think it is," "it seems"

These endings express the speaker's supposition or guess. In this context, 있다 and 없다 are action verbs and they end in -나 봐요, as in 내일 숙제가 있나 봐요 "It seems there will be homework due tomorrow," and 그러나 시험은 없나 봐요 "but it seems there will be no test."

	a.	present
		D.V. + ㄴ/은가 봐(요)
		A.V. + 나 봐(요)
		N. + ㄴ/인가 봐(요)
		=> "I think it is," "it seems"

	b.	past
		V. + 었/았나 봐(요)
		=> "I think it was," "it seems"

	c.	future
		V. + ㄹ/을 건가 봐요
		=> "I think it will be," "it seems"

(a)

• 오늘 날씨가 추운가 봐요.
  => I think the weather is cold today.
  
• 경치가 좋은가 봐요.
  => I think the scenery is beautiful.
  
• 그 분이 내일 한국에 가나 봐요.
  => I think he is going to Korea tomorrow.
  
• 요즘 그 가수가 인기가 있나 봐요. 
  => I think the singer is popular these days.
  
• 여기가 강의실인가 봐.
  => It seems as though this is the classroom.

(b)

• 친구가 선물을 샀나 봐. 
  => I think my friend bought a gift.
  
• 수업을 어제는 여기서 했나 봐. 
  => It seems that the class was held here yesterday.

(c) 

• 내일은 날씨가 더울 건가 봐요. 
  => It seems as though it's going to be hot tomorrow. 

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4.	Adverb -적으로

-적으로 makes adverbs from Sino-Korean nouns. It is a two-step process: first, -적 makes an adjective from a noun, as in 역사적; second, -으로 is added to make an adverb, as in 전통적으로 "traditionally," 역사적으로 "historically," and so on, as illustrated below. Korean nouns are not changed in this manner. For example, the Sino-Korean noun 인간 can be changed to 인간적으로 "as a human being," but the Korean noun 사람 cannot be changed to 사람적으로.

Noun		Adjective		Adverb
역사	history	역사적	historical	역사적으로	historically
세계	world	세계적	world(-wide)	세계적으로	internationally
전통	tradition	전통적	traditional	전통적으로	traditionally
인상	impression	인상적	impressive	인상적으로	impressively
지리	geography	지리적	geographical	지리적으로	geographically
기계	machine	기계적	mechanical	기계적으로	mechanically

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5.	N. + (이)(라)면 누구/무엇 + (이)나
	=> "if . . . is then whoever/whatever . . . ,"/"any (person/thing) would..."

Literally, this expression means "if (one is) . . . , then (he/she does) . . ." Other question words, such as 어디, 언제, 어떤, or 누구, are used with this construction. (See also -든지 in L10, GN4.)

• 한국 음식이라면 무엇이나 잘 먹는다. 
  => If it's Korean food, I like it all. 
  
• 그 남자는 콘서트라면 어디나 간다. 
  => If it's a concert, he will go anywhere. He will go any place for a concert.
  
• 학생이면 누구나 좋은 성적을 원한다. 
  => Any student would want a good grade. 
  
• 중년 남자라면 누구나 운동이 필요하다. 
  => Any middle-aged man would need exercise.

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6.	a.	N. + 처럼
		=> "like"
	b.	V. + ㄴ/은/는 것처럼
		=> "as," "as though," "as well as"

Attached to a noun, -처럼 means "someone or something is like some other person or thing." Its meaning is close to -같이. When used after ㄴ/는 것, it means "as if" or "like doing."  (a)

• 그분은 학자처럼 연구만 한다. 
  => Like a scholar, he does only research .
  
• 여름처럼 꽃이 한창이다. 
  => It's like summer; the flowers are in full bloom.
  
• 언니처럼 동생도 불어를 잘 해요. 
  => The younger sister speaks French as well as her older sister.

(b)

• 시를 잘 쓰는 것처럼 그림도 잘 그린다. 
  => He paints as well as he writes poems.
  
• 한국어를 잘 하는 것처럼 영어도 잘 한다. 
  => She speaks English as well as she speaks Korean.
  
• 성격이 좋은 것처럼 재주도 있다. 
  => He is as talented as he is good-natured.