Clare You & Eunsu Cho, Intermediate College Korean

1.	A.V. + (어/아) 봐야지요
	=> "should (try) . . . ," "must (try to) . . . "

This pattern expresses the speaker's intention to try to do something. It means "I will certainly try . . ." or "I should try . . ."

설악산에도 가 봐야지요.
=> I should (try to) go to the Sŏrak Mountains.
신사임당의 시를 읽어 봐야지.
=> I must (try to) read Lady Shin Sa-im-dang's poems.
그림도 구해 봐야지.
=> I must try to find her paintings.

Note that -(어/아)야지 expresses the intention of the speaker, as in "I should" or "I must."

지금 집에 가야지.
=> I should go home now.
밥 먹어야지.
=> I should eat.
숙제를 해야지.
=> I should do my homework.

The informal speech ending -지(요) can be either a statement or a question, depending on the intonation and context.

비행기표를 사지?
=> You will buy the airplane ticket, won't you?
한국은 추석 때에 바쁘지요.
=> (I'm saying that) they are busy during Ch'usŏk.

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2.	a.	N. + ㄹ/일 텐데(요)
		=> "I imagine," "I would think," "it must be"
	b.	V. + ㄹ/을 텐데(요)
		=> "I imagine," "I would think," "it must be"

This short connective form of -을/일 터인데 indicates the speaker's expectation or anticipation. It is derived from the verb 터이다 "to expect" and the connective -ㄴ/는데.

(a)

동부에 단풍이 한창일 텐데(요).
=> The fall foliage must be wonderful in the East.
오늘이 동생 생일일 텐데 케이크를 먹었는지 모르겠다.
=> Today must be my younger sibling's birthday, but I don't know whether he/she had a cake.

(b)

피곤할 텐데 자지도 않고 책을 본다.
=> He must be tired, but he reads on without sleeping.
날씨가 추울 텐데 반바지를 입고 돌아다닌다.
=> The weather should be cold, but he is walking around in shorts.

Note that V. + ㄹ/을 테니(까) means "since/because (it is expected to)." It indicates the speaker's expectation in regard to an event or an action. This construction comes from the connective (으)니까 "because" attached to the ㄹ/을 터이다 "is expected" ending.

걸어가야 할 테니(까) 편한 신을 신으세요.
=> Since we'll have to walk, please wear comfortable shoes.
내일까지 다 마칠 테니(까) 너무 걱정하지 마세요.
=> I'll finish them all by tomorrow, so don't worry too much.
날씨가 추울 테니까 두꺼운 옷을 입고 나가세요.
=> The weather will be cold, so go out with thick (warm) clothes on.
버스 타면 늦을 테니까 지하철을 타자.
=> We'll be late if we take a bus, so let's go by subway.

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3.	D.V. + ㄴ/은가 봐요
	=> "I think it is," "it seems"
	A.V. + 나 봐요
	=> "I think it is," "it seems"

These endings express the speaker's supposition or guess. In this context, 있다 and 없다 are action verbs and they end in -나 봐요, as in 내일 숙제가 있나 봐요 "It seems there will be homework due tomorrow," and 그러나 시험은 없나 봐요 "but it seems there will be no test."

	a.	present
		D.V. + ㄴ/은가 봐(요)
		A.V. + 나 봐(요)
		N. + ㄴ/인가 봐(요)
		=> "I think it is," "it seems"

	b.	past
		V. + 었/았나 봐(요)
		=> "I think it was," "it seems"

	c.	future
		V. + ㄹ/을 건가 봐요
		=> "I think it will be," "it seems"

(a)

오늘 날씨가 추운가 봐요.
=> I think the weather is cold today.
경치가 좋은가 봐요.
=> I think the scenery is beautiful.
그 분이 내일 한국에 가나 봐요.
=> I think he is going to Korea tomorrow.
요즘 그 가수가 인기가 있나 봐요.
=> I think the singer is popular these days.
여기가 강의실인가 봐.
=> It seems as though this is the classroom.

(b)

친구가 선물을 샀나 봐.
=> I think my friend bought a gift.
수업을 어제는 여기서 했나 봐.
=> It seems that the class was held here yesterday.

(c)

내일은 날씨가 더울 건가 봐요.
=> It seems as though it's going to be hot tomorrow.

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4.	Adverb -적으로

-적으로 makes adverbs from Sino-Korean nouns. It is a two-step process: first, -적 makes an adjective from a noun, as in 역사적; second, -으로 is added to make an adverb, as in 전통적으로 "traditionally," 역사적으로 "historically," and so on, as illustrated below. Korean nouns are not changed in this manner. For example, the Sino-Korean noun 인간 can be changed to 인간적으로 "as a human being," but the Korean noun 사람 cannot be changed to 사람적으로.

*Noun*		*Adjective*		*Adverb*
역사	history	역사적	historical	역사적Ǿ	historically
세계	world	세계적	world(-wide)	세계적Ǿ	internationally
전통	tradition	전통적	traditional	전통적으로	traditionally
인상	impression	인상적	impressive	인상적으로	impressively
지리	geography	지리적	geographical	지리적Ǿ	geographically
기계	machine	기계적	mechanical	기계적으&#	mechanically

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