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Ϻ մٷδ ̴. ִ ;ߴ.1 ѱ 2 Ǿ £ ó̴. 迡 ο ߴ.
ο ε Ҵ. 츮 Ʋ ڰ, ο Ϸ Ѵ. £ ο Ÿ ߴ.
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б: Ͽ / Extra Reading
̱ Ǹ 븮 ũ . , е ̰ ִ. а ϱ ̿ , ̰ ִ. ̰ ̱ ϴ.
̴߽. ѱ ߿ ̰ . £ ÿ ϴ.
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(
Patterns and Grammar Notes
)
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1. |
D.V. + (/)ϴ |
| => "to feel . . ." |
Most descriptive verbs of emotion are turned into action verbs by attaching -(/)ϴ, thereby changing intransitive verbs to transitive verbs.
| ڴ |
"to be happy" |
| |
"to be sad" |
| Ӵ |
"to be distressed" |
| ִ |
"to be fun" |
| |
"to be good" |
| ȴ |
"to dislike" |
| ̴ |
"to be joyful" |
| - ʹ |
"to wish/want" |
| ϴ |
"to feel happy" |
| ϴ |
"to mourn" |
| οϴ |
"to suffer" |
| ־ ϴ |
"to enjoy" |
| ϴ |
"to like" |
| Ⱦϴ |
"to dislike" |
| ſϴ |
"to enjoy" |
| - ;ϴ |
"to wish/want to" |
-
ģ ſ.
=> I enjoy meeting with my friend.
-
ư ģ ſؿ.
=> Maria enjoys meeting with her friend.
-
θ .
=> I am sad about not seeing my parents.
-
θ ؿ.
=> He moans/is sad about not being able
to see his parents.
-
å å .
=> I like this book better than that book.
-
å å Ѵ.
=> I like this book better than that book.
-
ȭ ʹ.
=> I want to see a movie.
-
˷ ȭ ;Ѵ.
=> Alex also wants to see a movie.
| 2. |
A.V. + / () . . . Ǵ |
| => "it's been . . . since . . ." |
This pattern is used to indicate that a time period has lapsed since the action or event.
- ѱ () 10 ƾ.
=> It's been ten years since I came to Korea.
- () 3 ð ƾ.
=> It's been three hours since I had my meal.
- ģ ƾ.
=> It's been awhile since I saw my friend.
- ӵΰ ƾ?
=> How long has it been since the highway was built?
| 3. |
Polite suggestions
- () ? |
| => "How about . . ." |
Politeness is an important aspect of the Korean language. The following list indicates the increasing degrees of politeness.
- -() ?
=> "How about it?" (nonpolite)
- -() ?
=> "How about it, please?" (polite but informal)
- -() ?
=> "Would it be all right to . . . ?" (more polite)
- -() ڽϱ?
=> "Would you mind if . . . ?" (polite and formal)
- -() ðڽϱ?
=> "Would you mind if . . . ?" (polite, formal, and honorific)
- պǥ ()?
=> How about buying a round-trip ticket?
- 10 ñ ٸ ?
=> Would you mind waiting until ten o'clock?
- ֹø ðڽϱ?
=> Would you mind staying over in Taejn?
| 4. |
a. V. + // + ƴ϶ |
=> "it is not (the fact) that," "not . . . but . . ."
b. N. + / ƴ϶
=> "it is not N. but . . . ," "not N. but . . ." |
This expression amends the action, event, or item in the first part of the sentence by the second part.
- Ÿ ƴ϶ Ż ſ.
=> We are not taking an express bus, but we will take a train.
- ƴ϶ 鵵 ģؿ.
=> Not only is the weather nice here, but the people are also nice.
(b)
- ν ƴ϶ þƲ ߾.
=> He arrived in Seattle, not Los Angeles.
- Ű ƴ϶ ލ 뿪 ߾.
=> Not Mr. Wilkey, but Matthew interpreted (it).
| 5. |
a. A.V. + ()
=> "in the middle/midst of doing . . ."
b. N. + ()
=> "among," "in the midst of . . ." |
- غϴ ̾.
=> I am in the midst of preparing for an exam.
- ĻϽô ߿ ˼մϴ.
=> I am sorry (to bother you) in the middle
of your dinner.
- ϴ ߿ ȭ Դ.
=> While I was working hard, the telephone rang.
(b)
- ߿ ȭ Դ.
=> During the exam, a telephone rang.
- ڷ ߿ ƱⰡ ߴ.
=> During the television show, the baby started crying.
- л ߿ Ÿ α.
=> Among the students, Natasha is the most popular.
| 6.
|
-ٰ/- ()
=> "it's said (so)," it is called . . ." |
This sentence ending is a colloquial expression similar to the indirect speech forms - () and -().
(See also L5, GN2)
- λ꿡 ٰ ?
=> Didn't you say you live in Pusan?
- ǹ ̸ ?
=> What's the name of that building?
- ̶ .
=> They say it's Independence Hall.
* - () is not to be confused with (), which has various meanings depending on the context, as shown in these examples:
- ̴?
=> Are you vacation now?
- .
=> Yeah.
- ӿ ÷?
=> Will you come to the meeting tomorrow?
- .
=> Yes, I will.
- ǰ ʹ ο.
=> The prices are too expensive these days.
- .
=> You are right./I agree.
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