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³ª´Â °íµîÇб³¸¦ Á¹¾÷ÇÏ¸é ´ëÇп¡ ÁøÇÐÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´ç¿¬ÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×¸®°í ´ëÇп¡ °¡¸é °ð Àü°øÀ» Á¤ÇÒ °Å¶ó°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×·¯³ª Àϳ⠵¿¾È ´ëÇÐÀ» ´Ù³æÁö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ Àå·¡¿¡ ´ëÇÑ °èȹÀÌ ¶Ñ·ÇÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Ù. ¾î·Á¼­ºÎÅÍ ³ªÀÇ ²ÞÀÌ ÀÚ²Ù º¯Çϱ⠶§¹®ÀÌ´Ù. 

ÃʵîÇб³ ¶§´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» µµ¿Í ÁÖ±â À§Çؼ­1 °æÂû°üÀÌ µÇ°í ½Í¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ÁßÇб³ ¶§´Â Æ®·³ÆêÀ» Àß ºÎ´Â À½¾Ç°¡°¡ µÇ°Ú´Ù°í »ý°¢Çß´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ½Ä±¸µéÀÌ ½È¾îÇÒ ¸¸Å­2 ¸ÅÀÏ ½Ã²ô·´°Ô Æ®·³Æê ºÎ´Â ¿¬½ÀÀ» Çß´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ °íµîÇб³¿¡ °¡´Ï±î ÄÄÇ»ÅͰ¡ Àç¹ÌÀÖ¾ú´Ù. ÄÄÇ»ÅÍ ¾Õ¿¡ ¾ÉÀ¸¸é ½Ã°£ °¡´Â Áö ¸ô¶ú´Ù. ¶Ç Çб³¿¡¼­ ÇÏ´Â ¿¬±Ø¿¡ Ãë¹Ì¸¦ ºÙ¿© ¹è¿ì°¡ µÉ »·µµ Çß´Ù.

±×·¯³ª ´ëÇп¡ ¿Í¼­ ¾ÆÁ÷ Àû¼º¿¡ ¸Â´Â Àü°øÀ» ãÁö ¸øÇß´Ù. ±³À°ÇÐ, ÀÇÇÐ, ¹ýÇÐ, °æ¿µÇÐ µî ¿©·¯ ºÐ¾ß¸¦ »ý°¢ÇÏ¸é »ý°¢ÇÒ¼ö·Ï3 ¾î¶² ºÐ¾ß°¡ ³»°Ô ´õ ¸Â´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù.

±×·¡¼­ ³ª´Â Çѱ¹¿¡ Àϳ⠵¿¾È À¯ÇÐÀ» ¿Ô´Ù. Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ °øºÎÇϸ鼭 ³ªÀÇ Àå·¡¿¡ ´ëÇØ »ý°¢ÇØ º¸·Á°í ÇÑ´Ù.

»ç¶ó: Çö¹è¾ß, ³Í ³ªÁß¿¡ ¹» ÇÒ°Å´Ï? 
Çö¹è: ¾ÆÁ÷ Àß ¸ð¸£°Ú¾î. »¡¸® Á¤ÇØ¾ß ÇÒ ÅÙµ¥. 
»ç¶ó: ¾ÆÁÖ ¸ÚÀÖ´Â °É ÇÒ ¸ð¾çÀÌÁö?4 
Çö¹è: ¾Æ³Ä. ±×³É ÇÏ°í ½ÍÀº °Ô ³Ê¹« ¸¹¾Æ. ³Ê´Â ¹» ÇÒ°Å´Ï? 
»ç¶ó: ³ª´Â ¹ý´ë¿¡ °¡·Á°í ÇØ. °¡À»¿¡ ¹Ì±¹¿¡ µ¹¾Æ °¡¸é °ð ¿¤˜É ½ÃÇèÀ» º¼ °Å¾ß. À¯¹Ìµµ ±× ½ÃÇèÀ» º¸°í ½Í´ë.5 
Çö¹è: ¹ú½á ³×°¡ ¸»ÇÏ´Â ¸ð½ÀÀÌ º¯È£»ç °°´Ù. ±×·±µ¥ ³×°¡ ¹ý°üÀÌ µÇ¸é ¾Æ±â´Â ´©°¡ ±â¸£Áö? 
»ç¶ó: ¹°·Ð ³²ÆíÇÏ°í °°ÀÌ ±æ·¯¾ßÁö. ³²³à Æòµî ¾ËÁö? 
Çö¹è: ³ª´Â Á÷¾÷ ¿©¼º º¸´Ù´Â ½Å»çÀÓ´ç °°Àº6 ¿©ÀÚ°¡ ÁÁ¾Æ. 
»ç¶ó: ½Å»çÀÓ´ç! ±×ºÐÀÌ Áö±Ý »ì¾Æ °è½Ã´Ù¸é ÈǸ¢ÇÑ Á÷¾÷ ¿©¼ºÀÌ½Ç °Å¾ß. 


Àбâ: Çö´ë »çȸ¿Í ³²³à Æòµî / Extra Reading

³²³à ºÒÆòµîÀº ¾î´À »çȸ¿¡³ª ÀÖ´Ù. Çѱ¹ »çȸµµ ¿¹¿Ü°¡ ¾Æ´Ï´Ù. ¿©ÀÚ¸¦ Â÷º°ÇÏ´Â °ü½ÀÀÌ »çȸ¿¡ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¸¹ÀÌ ³²¾Æ ÀÖ´Ù. ¿¹¸¦ µé¸é ¸¹Àº »ç¶÷µéÀÌ ¿©ÀÚ´Â Á÷¾÷À» °¡Áö´Â °Íº¸´Ù °áÈ¥ÇØ¼­ °¡Á·À» Àß µ¹º¸´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ Áß¿äÇÏ´Ù°í »ý°¢ÇÑ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¿©ÀÚµéÀº ³²Àڵ麸´Ù ÁÁÀº Á÷¾÷À» ±¸ÇÒ ¼ö ÀÖ´Â ±âȸ°¡ Àû´Ù. ¶Ç °áÈ¥ÇÑ ÈÄ¿¡ Á÷ÀåÀ» ±×¸¸µÎ¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Â °æ¿ìµµ ÀÖ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª »çȸ´Â »¡¸® º¯Çϰí ÀÖÀ¸¸ç ÀÌ·¯ÇÑ »ý°¢µéµµ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾ø¾îÁö°í ÀÖ´Ù. ±×°ÍÀº ¸Â¹úÀÌ ºÎºÎ°¡ Á¡Á¡ ´Ã°í ÀÖ´Â °ÍÀ» ºÁµµ ¾Ë ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù.¡¡

 

 


¹®Çü°ú ¹®¹ý ( Patterns and Grammar Notes )

1. 

a. 

V. + ±â À§ÇØ(¼­)/±â À§ÇÏ¿©

=> "for," "for the sake of," "in order to"
b.  N. + À»/¸¦ À§ÇØ(¼­)/À§ÇÏ¿©
=> "for," "for the benefit of"
  • ¹ý°üÀÌ µÇ±â À§Çؼ­ ½ÃÇè Áغñ¸¦ Çϰí ÀÖ¾î¿ä. 
    => I am preparing for my exams to become a lawyer.

  • ÇҾƹö´ÔÀ» ºË±â À§ÇÏ¿© Áß±¹¿¡ °¬¾î¿ä.
    => I went to China to see my grandfather.

  • ÀÒ¾î¹ö¸° Â÷¸¦ ã±â À§ÇØ °æÂû°üÀ» ¸¸³ª±â·Î Çß´Ù. 
    => I made arrangements to meet with the police to find my stolen car.


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2.  a.  N. + ¸¸Å­
=> "(almost) as much as," "as well as"

b. 

V. + ¤¤/Àº/´Â/¤©/À» + ¸¸Å­

=> "do as much as," "is enough to . . ."


(a) ¸¸Å­ indicates that the subject noun is or does almost as well as the noun it is compared with in the sentence.
  • µ¿»ýÀÌ Çü¸¸Å­ ۰¡ Å©´Ù. 
    => The younger brother is as tall as his older brother.
  • ½Ã¾ÖƲÀº µðÆ®·ÎÀÌÆ®¸¸Å­ ÃäÁö ¾Ê´Ù. 
    => Seattle is not as cold as Detroit. 

(b) The verbal modifiers are -´Â for present, -¤¤/Àº for past, and -¤©/À» for future tense.

  • Ä£±¸°¡ µ·À» ºô·Á´Þ¶ó´Â ¸¸Å­ Áá´Ù. 
    => I lent my friend as much money as he wanted to borrow.
  • °øºÎÇÑ ¸¸Å­ ¹è¿ï °Å´Ù. 
    => You will learn as much as you study. 
  • ±× Ã¥Àº µ· ÁÖ°í »ì ¸¸Å­ Àç¹ÌÀÖÁö ¾Ê´Ù. 
    => The book is not interesting enough for me to buy it. 
  • ±× ¹°°ÇÀº ºñ½Ñ ¸¸Å­ ÁÁÁö ¾Ê´Ù. 
    => The stuff is not worth what it costs.


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3. 

a. 

V. + ¤©/À»¼ö·Ï

=> "the more one does . . . , the more . . ."

b. 

V. + (À¸)¸é V. + ¤©/À»¼ö·Ï

=> "the more one does . . . , the more . . ." (emphasis)

Both constructions are close in meaning, but the second has a stronger emphasis.

(a) 
  • »ý°¢ÇÒ¼ö·Ï ´õ ¸ð¸£°Ú´Ù. 
    => The more I think about it, the more confused I am. 
  • ÀÌ Ã¥Àº ÀÐÀ»¼ö·Ï ´õ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Ù. 
    => The more I read, the more interesting this book becomes.
  • µ·À» ¸¹ÀÌ ¹ú¼ö·Ï ´õ ¹ÙºüÁ®¿ä. 
    => The more money you make, the busier you get.

(b) 

  • °¥ ±æÀÌ ¸Ö¸é ¸Ö¼ö·Ï ÀÏÂï ¶°³ª¾ß ÇÑ´Ù. 
    => The farther you have to travel, the earlier you must leave.
  • ¹°À» ÁÖ¸é ÁÙ¼ö·Ï ³ª¹«°¡ »¡¸® ÀÚ¶ú´Ù. 
    => The more I watered the tree, the faster it grew.

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4.  V. + ¤¤/Àº/´Â/¤©/À» ¸ð¾çÀÌ´Ù
=> "it looks . . . ," "it seems . . . ," "it appears . . ."

This pattern expresses the speaker's opinion of an action or an event.

  • ±× Ã¥ÀÌ Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Â ¸ð¾çÀÌ´Ù. 
    => It seems that the book is interesting (to him).
  • »ç¶÷ÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ¿Â ¸ð¾çÀÌ´Ù. 
    => It looks as though many people came.
  • ´©°¡ ÀüÈ­¸¦ °Ç ¸ð¾çÀÌ´Ù. 
    => It looks as though someone called.
  • ¿ÀÈÄ¿¡ ºñ°¡ ¿Ã ¸ð¾çÀÌ´Ù. 
    => It appears that it is going to rain this afternoon. 


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5.  Indirect speech:  polite informal forms
=> "they say . . . ," "someone says . . ." 

-´ë¿ä, -·¡¿ä, -(À¸)·¡¿ä, -†v¿ä, and Àç¿ä are the colloquial short forms of -´Ù°í ÇØ¿ä/ÇÕ´Ï´Ù, -¶ó°í ÇØ¿ä/ÇÕ´Ï´Ù, -ÀÚ°í ÇØ¿ä/ÇÕ´Ï´Ù, and -³Ä°í ÇØ¿ä/ÇÕ´Ï´Ù, as illustrated below. (See L5, GN2 and the indirect speech endings chart below). Polite formal short forms of -´ä´Ï´Ù, -¶ø´Ï´Ù, -(À¸)¶ø´Ï´Ù, -†l´Ï´Ù, and -Àâ´Ï´Ù are explained in L20, GN1.

  • ÇҸӴϲ²¼­ ³»ÀÏ ¹Ì±¹¿¡ ¿À½Å´ë. 
    => (They say that) Grandma is coming to the United States tomorrow.
  • ³»Àϵµ ¶Ç ºñ°¡ ¿Â´ë. 
    => (They say that) it will rain again tomorrow.
  • ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ °¡¼ö·¡. 
    => (They say that) he is a singer.
  • ÀÌ ¹°°ÇÀÌ ±× ȸ»çÀÇ ¼öÃâǰÀÌ·¡. 
    => (It's said that) this is the company's export item. 
  • Ä£±¸°¡ ³ª¿¡°Ô Áö±Ý ³ª¿À·¡. 
    => My friend tells me to come out now.
  • ÀüÈ­¸¦ »¡¸® ¹ÞÀ¸·¡. 
    => (Someone) says to answer the phone. 
  • Ä£±¸°¡ °ø¿ø¿¡ ³î·¯ °¡·¡. 
    => My friend tells us go to the park to play.
  • ¿äÁò ±âºÐÀÌ ¾î¶°†v¿ä. 
    => (He/She asks) how I/you feel.
  • ³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁ†v¿ä. 
    => (They ask) whether the weather is nice. 
  • ¼÷Á¦ÇÏ·¯ µµ¼­°ü¿¡ °¡Àç. 
    => (He/She) invites us to go to the library.
Indirect speech endings chart
Sentence Types Statement Statement Command
Plain Form V. + ´Ù°í ÇÏ´Ù
V. + ¾ú/¾Ò´Ù°í ÇÏ´Ù
V. + ¤©/À»°Å¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù
N. + (ÀÌ)¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù
N. + (ÀÌ)¾ú´Ù°í ÇÏ´Ù
N. + ÀϰŶó°í ÇÏ´Ù
V. + (À¸)¶ó°í ÇÏ´Ù
Polite Informal
Short Form
-´ë¿ä
-¾ú/¾Ò´ë¿ä
-¤©/À»°Å·¡¿ä
(ÀÌ)·¡¿ä
-(ÀÌ)¾ú´ë¿ä
-Àϰŷ¡¿ä
-(À¸)·¡¿ä
Polite Formal
Short Form
-´ä´Ï´Ù
-¾ú/¾Ò´ä´Ï´Ù
-À»°Å¶ø´Ï´Ù
-(ÀÌ)¶ø´Ï´Ù
-(ÀÌ)¾ú´ä´Ï´Ù
-ÀϰŶø´Ï´Ù
-(À¸)¶ø´Ï´Ù
Meaning it is said that . . . (present)
it is said that . . . (past)
it is said that . . . (future)
they say that . . . is . . . 
they say that . . . was . . .
they say that . . . will be . . .
they tell us to do . . .

Sentence Types Question "let's"
Plain Form D.V. + (À¸)³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù
A.V. + (´À)³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù
N. + (ÀÌ)³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù
V. + ¾ú/¾Ò³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù 
N. + (ÀÌ)¾ú³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù
V. + ¤©/À»°Å³Ä°í ÇÏ´Ù
N. + Àϰųİí ÇÏ´Ù
V. + ÀÚ°í ÇÏ´Ù
Polite Informal
Short Form
-(´À)†v¿ä
-(´À)†v¿ä
-(ÀÌ)†v¿ä
-¾ú/¾Ò†v¿ä
-¿´†v¿ä
-¤©/À»°Å†v¿ä
-Àϰņv¿ä
-Àç¿ä
Polite Formal
Short Form
-†l´Ï´Ù 
-†l´Ï´Ù
-(ÀÌ)†l´Ï´Ù
-¾ú/¾Ò†l´Ï´Ù 
-(ÀÌ)¾ú†l´Ï´Ù
-¤©/À»°Å†l´Ï´Ù
-Àϰņl´Ï´Ù
-Àâ´Ï´Ù
Meaning ask whether/if . . . (present) 
ask whether/if . . . (present)
ask whether/if . . . (present)
ask whether/if . . . (past)
ask whether/if . . . (past)
ask whether/if . . . (future)
ask whether/if . . . (future)
they ask/invite to do . . .

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6.  N. + °°Àº 
=> "like," "same as"
  • ½Å»çÀÓ´ç °°Àº ¿©ÀÚ 
    => a woman like Lady Sin Saimdang 
  • ¾î¸Ó´Ï °°Àº ¾ð´Ï 
    => my sister, who is like Mother
  • õ»ç °°Àº ¸¶À½ 
    => a heart like an angel
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