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Á¦ 18 °ú
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Çö¹è´Â ½Ã³»¿¡ ³ª°¡¼­ »õ·Î ³ª¿Â Ã¥µµ º¼ °â1 ¼­Á¡¿¡ µé·¶´Ù. ÁöÇÏöÀ» Ÿ°í °¡¼­ ±¤È­¹® ¿ª¿¡¼­ ³»·È´Ù. ¿ì¼± ¼­¿ï ¹®°í¿¡ µé¾î°¡ ¿©·¯ °¡Áö Ã¥µéÀ» µÑ·¯º¸°í ¸¸È­Ã¥ ÇÑ ±ÇÀ» »ç¿Ô´Ù.

Çö¹è: ÁØÈñ¾ß, ³Êµµ ¡ºÈ«±æµ¿Àü¡» ÀоîºÃ´Ï? 
ÁØÈñ: ÀÀ, ¡ºÈ«±æµ¿Àü¡»Àº °©Àڱ⠿Ö? 
Çö¹è: ¿À´Ã ¼­¿ï ¹®°í¿¡ °¬´õ´Ï2 ¸¸È­ ¡ºÈ«±æµ¿Àü¡»ÀÌ º£½ºÆ® ¼¿·¯¶ó°í ÇÏ´õ¶ó.
±×·¡¼­ ³ªµµ ÇÑ ±Ç »ç¿Ô´Âµ¥ Á¤¸» Àç¹ÌÀÖ¾î.
ÁØÈñ: ¡ºÈ«±æµ¿Àü¡»Àº ¿ì¸® ³ª¶ó °íÀü ¼Ò¼³À̾ß.
È«±æµ¿Àº Çѱ¹ÀÇ ·ÎºóÈÊÀ̶ó°í ÇÒ ¸¸ÇÏÁö. 
Çö¹è: ·ÎºóÈÊ À̾߱âó·³ ³»¿ëµµ Àç¹ÌÀÖ°í ¾×¼ÇÀÌ ¸¹¾Æ ½Å³ª´õ¶ó.
ÁØÈñ: È«±æµ¿ÀÇ ¹«¼úÀÌ ¶Ù¾î³ª¼­ ¾ÆÀ̵éÀº ´©±¸³ª ÁÁ¾ÆÇØ. ¿µÈ­µµ ³ª¿ÔÀݾÆ.
Çö¹è: ¹«¼úÀ̶ó¸é ³ªµµ °ü½ÉÀÌ ¸¹Àºµ¥, ±×·¡¼­ ±×·±Áö3 ´õ Àç¹ÌÀÖ¾ú¾î.
ÁØÈñ: ³×°¡ ¹«¼ú¿¡ °ü½ÉÀÌ ÀÖ´Â ÁÙÀº ¸ô¶ú´Âµ¥? ±×·¸´Ù¸é ¿À´Ã ÅÃ°ß µ¿¾Æ¸®¿¡¼­
½Ã¹ü
°æ±â°¡ Àִٴµ¥ °°ÀÌ °¡ º¼·¡?
Çö¹è: ÅðßÀ̶ó°í? űǵµ°¡ ¾Æ´Ï°í?
ÁØÈñ: µÑ ´Ù Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀüÅë ¹«¼úÀ̱â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸4 Åð߰ú űǵµ´Â Á» ´Þ¶ó. 
űǵµ´Â ¿Â ¸öÀ» ¾²Áö¸¸ ÅðßÀº ÁÖ·Î ¹ßÀ» »ç¿ëÇÏ´Â ¹«¼úÀ̾ß. 
Çö¹è: Çѱ¹ »ç¶÷Àº ´©±¸³ª űǵµ¸¸ ÇÑ´Ù°í »ý°¢Çߴµ¥ ±×°Ô ¾Æ´Ñ°¡ ºÁ.
ÁØÈñ: Çѱ¹ÀÇ ÀüÅë ¹«¼úÀº ¼ö½Ê °¡Áöµµ ³Ñ¾î. ¸¹Àº Á¾·ù°¡ »ç¶óÁ³Áö¸¸ ¿äÁòÀº ÀüÅë ¹«¼úÀ» ¹è¿ì´Â ÀþÀºÀ̵éÀÌ Á¡Á¡ ´Ã°í ÀÖ¾î. 
Çö¹è: Àü¿¡´Â ¹«¼ú ÇÏ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ µå¹® °Í °°¾Ò´Âµ¥ ¿äÁò ¹«¼úÀÌ ¿Ö ±×·¸°Ô ÀαâÁö? 
ÁØÈñ:
ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ½ºÆ÷Ã÷·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÅÁö ¹¹.5 ±×·¸Áö¸¸ µ¿¾çÀÇ ¹«¼ú¿¡¼­´Â ¿îµ¿¸¸ ¹è¿ì´Â °ÍÀº ¾Æ´Ï¾ß. µ¿¾ç ¹«¼ú¿¡¼­´Â Á¤½Å ¼ö¾çÀ» ƯÈ÷ °­Á¶Çϰŵç.6
³ªµµ óÀ½¿¡´Â È£±â½É¿¡¼­ űǵµ¸¦ ¹è¿ì±â ½ÃÀÛÇߴµ¥ Àγ»½É°ú ¿¹Àýµµ
¸¹ÀÌ ¹è¿ì°Ô µÇ´õ¶ó. 


°í±¸·Á °íºÐ º®È­ ¡°»ç³ÉÇÏ´Â ¹«»ç¡± (6 ¼¼±â)
"Hunting Scene" from a tomb mural of the Koguryŏ Kingdom (sixth century)


Àбâ: È«±æµ¿Àü* (ûóÑÎÔÛîî) / Extra Reading 

È«±æµ¿Àº ³ôÀº °ü¸®ÀÇ ¾Æµé·Î ž´Âµ¥ Çй®À» ÀßÇϰí ÀçÁÖ°¡ ¸¹¾ÒÀ¸¸ç, ¹«¼úÀÌ Æ¯È÷ ¶Ù¾î³µ´Ù. ±×·¯³ª ø¿¡°Ô¼­ ž ¾ÆµéÀ̱⠶§¹®¿¡ »çȸ·ÎºÎÅÍ Ãµ´ë¸¦ ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¾î·Á¼­ºÎÅÍ À̰Ϳ¡ ºÒ¸¸À» ǰ°í ÀÖ´ø È«±æµ¿Àº ÁýÀ» ¶°³ª°Ô µÇ¾úÀ¸¸ç, ±×·¯´Ù°¡ µµµÏµéÀÇ ¿ìµÎ¸Ó¸®°¡ µÇ¾ú´Ù. ¼­¾çÀÇ ·ÎºóÈÊ °°ÀÌ ÀÇ·Î¿î µµÀûÀÌ µÇ¾î, ¿Â ³ª¶ó¸¦ µ¹¾Æ´Ù´Ï¸é¼­ °ü¸®µéÀÌ ¿ÇÁö ¸øÇÏ°Ô ¸ð¾Æ µÐ Àç»êÀ» »©¾Ñ¾Æ °¡³­ÇÑ »ç¶÷µé¿¡°Ô ³ª´©¾î ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×¸®°í ³ª»Û °ü¸®µéÀ» È¥³» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.

¿ÕÀº È«±æµ¿À» ÀâÀ¸¶ó°í ¸í·ÉÀ» ³»·È´Ù. ±×·¯³ª È«±æµ¿Àº ÀâÈ÷Áö ¾Ê¾Ò´Ù. °á±¹ ¿ÕÀº È«±æµ¿¿¡°Ô ³ª¶ó¸¦ Àß ´Ù½º¸®°Ú´Ù°í ¾à¼ÓÇÏ°í ±×¿¡°Ô °üÁ÷À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù. ±×·¯³ª È«±æµ¿Àº ±×°ÍÀ» °ÅÀýÇϰí Àڱ⸦ µû¸£´Â »ç¶÷µéÀ» µ¥¸®°í ¸Õ °÷¿¡ ÀÖ´Â ¼¶À¸·Î °¡¼­ ±×°÷¿¡ »õ·Î¿î ³ª¶ó¸¦ ¼¼¿ü´Ù.

* There were frequent invasions from the north and from the south during the 1590s, but the ruling nobility held their power under which corrupt government officials neglected the welfare of the people. It was in this period that Hŏ Kyun (c. 1569-1618) wrote The Tale of Hong Kil-dong, a social satire criticizing the social conditions through the story of Hong Kil-dong, an illegitimate son of a yangban. Although there were many illegitimate sons who were reared and educated in the traditional nobility class,  few were allowed to enter government service, thus creating a class of young men frustrated and discontent who resorted to civil disobedience. Revealing the despotic rule of the time, the authorities executed Hŏ Kyun for his critical view of society, on the grounds of real or fabricated offenses. Hŏ Kyun came from the Confucian scholarly family whose sons were eminent scholars and whose daughter was the famous poet Hŏ Nansŏlhŏn.



¹®Çü°ú ¹®¹ý ( Patterns and Grammar Notes )

1. 

A.V. + ¤©/À» °â

=> "while doing . . ."

This construction indicates that the second action has a dual purpose. Taking advantage of the situation, you do one thing while doing something else at the same time. 

  • ¼±»ý´Ôµµ ºÉ °â Çб³¿¡ °¬´Ù. 
    => I went to school and at the same time visited my teacher.
  • Ä£±¸µµ »ç±Ð °â Çѱ¹ Çлýȸ¿¡ ³ª°¬´Ù. 
    => I went to attend the Korean students' meeting and also to make friends (there).
  • Á¡½Éµµ ¸ÔÀ» °â Áý¿¡ °¬´Ù.
    => I went home and also had lunch. 


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2.  a.  V. + ´õ´Ï
=> "and then," "since," ¡±but"

b. 

V. + ¾ú/¾Ò´õ´Ï

=> "since," "because," "so," "as," "when"

-´õ´Ï is not used with I or we. This restriction does not apply to -¾ú/¾Ò´õ´Ï.

(a)

  • ¼öÀÜÀÌ Çѱ¹¿¡ °¡´õ´Ï ¼Ò½ÄÀÌ ¾ø³×. 
    => Since Susan went to Korea, there has been no news. 
  • ÀηùÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇÏ´õ´Ï Áö±ÝÀº »çȸÇÐÀ» °øºÎÇÑ´Ù.
    => She was studying anthropology, and now he has changed to sociology.
(b)
  • ¾ÆÄ§ ÀÏÂï Çб³¿¡ °¬´õ´Ï ±³½ÇÀÌ ÅÖ ºñ¾î ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
    => Because I went to school early in the morning, the classroom was completely empty.
  • ÀüÈ­¸¦ Çß´õ´Ï Ä£±¸´Â ¹ú½á ³ª°¡°í ¾ø¾ú´Ù. 
    => I called a friend, but he was already out.
  • ¹äÀ» ¸¹ÀÌ ¸Ô¾ú´õ´Ï ¹è°¡ ¾ÆÇÁ´Ù. 
    => I ate too much and have a stomachache. 
  • ¿ì¸®°¡ °øºÎ¸¦ ¿­½ÉÈ÷ Çß´õ´Ï ½ÃÇèÀ» Àß ºÃ¾î¿ä. 
    => Because we studied hard, we did well on the test.

Note that the subjects of the -¾ú/¾Ò´õ´Ï connective are usually not the same. For example, ÅèÀº Ã¥¹æ¿¡ °¬´õ´Ï Ã¥À» »ò´Ù is not correct, but ÅèÀº Ã¥¹æ¿¡ °¡´õ´Ï Ã¥À» »ò´Ù or ÅèÀÌ Ã¥¹æ¿¡ °¬´õ´Ï ¹Î¼ö°¡ ¿Í ÀÖ¾ú´Ù is fine.


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3.  V. + (¾î/¾Æ)¼­ ±×·±Áö

=> "maybe because," "it could be because"

This expression indicates the speaker's conjecture or reasoning.

  • ¹Ùºü¼­ ±×·±Áö ÁÔÀº ¹«¼ú¿¡ °ü½É ÀÌ ¾ø´Ù. 
    => Maybe because he is busy, John is not interested in the martial arts.
  • ÀáÀ» ¸ø ÀÚ¼­ ±×·±Áö ¸Ó¸®°¡ ¾ÆÇÁ´Ù. 
    => It could be that because I didn't sleep, I have a headache.
  • ÇлýÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ã¾ú´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ±×·±Áö °©Àڱ⠱³½ÇÀÌ ¸ðÀÚ¶õ´Ù.
    => The number of students has increased. Maybe that's why there aren't enough classrooms. 


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4.  a.  V. + ±â´Â V. + Áö¸¸ 
=> "it is true that . . . but" 
b.  N. + (ÀÌ)±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸
=> "it is true that . . . but," "although it is . . ."

This construction indicates that the speaker recognizes the fact.

(a)
  • ºñÇà±â°¡ ºü¸£±â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ºñ½Î´Ù. 
    => It is true that airplanes are fast, but they are expensive.
  • µ¥À̺ñµå°¡ ¿ä¸®¸¦ ¸ÀÀÖ°Ô Çϱâ´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ø¾î¼­ Àß ÇÏÁö ¾Ê´Â´Ù. 
    => It is true that David is a good cook, but he doesn't cook because he doesn't have time.

(b)

  • ÀüÅë ¹«¼úÀ̱â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àß ¸ô¶ó¿ä. 
    => It is a traditional martial art, but I don't know it well.
  • ÁÁÀº ¼±¹°À̱â´Â ÇÏÁö¸¸ Àú´Â ¸ø ¹Þ°Ú¾î¿ä. 
    => Although it is a nice gift, I cannot accept it.


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5.  Ending expression ¹¹ 

There is no equivalent expression in English for ¹¹. It is a colloquial sentence-ending expression meaning something like "what else?" in ³ª Çб³¿¡ °¬Áö ¹¹ "I went to school, what else?" or "I went to school, you know." It is used only in intimate and informal conversation and follows the -Áö(¿ä) or -³ª(¿ä) sentence ending.

  • ÀÏÁ¾ÀÇ ½ºÆ÷Ã÷·Î ÇÏ´Â °ÅÁö ¹¹. 
    => They are doing it as a kind of sport, nothing more. 
  • ¿À´Ã ¾È ¿À·Á³ª º¸Áö ¹¹. 
    => I guess he's not coming today, you know. 
  • Çб³¿¡³ª °¡Áö¿ä ¹¹. 
    => I'll just go to school, nowhere else. 
  • Á¦°¡ ¾îµð °¡³ª¿ä ¹¹. 
    => I don't go anywhere, you know. 


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6.  V. + °Åµç(¿ä)
=> "you know"

This intimate or polite sentence ending says something like "you know," as in "I saw the movie, you know."

  • ¹«¼úÀº °Ç°­¿¡ ÁÁ°Åµç. 
    => You know, martial arts are good for your health. 
  • ³»ÀÏÀº ÈÞÀÏÀ̰ŵç. 
    => Tomorrow is a holiday, you know. 
  • ²¿¸¶ µ¿»ý Á¤¿±À̰¡ ¼÷Á¦¸¦ Âõ¾ú°Åµç¿ä.
    => My baby sister Jung-yup ripped my homework, you know. 
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