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1.
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Verbs for involuntary action: 들다, 걸리다, and 나다
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Many body-related functions are treated as involuntary or noncontrollable acts and are expressed by 들다 "come under," 나다 "arise," or 걸리다 "be caught."
| 들다 |
나다 |
걸리다 |
| 잠이 들다 |
열이 나다 |
감기에 걸리다 |
| to fall asleep
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to have a fever |
to catch a cold
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| 감기가 들다 |
병이 나다 |
병에 걸리다 |
| to catch a cold
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to get sick |
to get sick
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| 병이 들다 |
화가 나다 |
순경에게 걸리다 |
| to get sick
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to get upset |
to be caught by a cop
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| 물이 들다 |
땀이 나다 |
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to be influenced
(literally, to be colored)
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to perspire |
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| 2.
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Question ending -다지요?
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| => "isn't it . . . ?"
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As an indirect question ending, -다지요 expresses something close to "don't I hear/don't they say . . . ?," as in 지금 뉴욕에 비가 온다지요? "Don't they say it's raining now in New York City?"
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a.
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V. + 다지(요)?
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=> "don't/didn't I hear . . . ?" |
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V. + 었/았다지(요)?
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| => "don't/didn't I hear . . . ?" |
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b.
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N. + (이)라지(요)? |
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=> "don't/didn't I hear that it's . . . ?"
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| N. + (이)었다지(요)?
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| => "don't/didn't I hear that it was . . . ?" |
(a)
- 그 분은 오페라를 좋아한다지요?
=> Don't they say that he likes opera?
- 너는 벌써 표를 샀다지?
=> Didn't I hear you bought the ticket already?
- 그 분이 대통령에 당선됐다지?
=> Didn't I hear that he was elected president?
(b)
- 내일이 독립 기념일이라지요?
=> Don't they say it's Independence Day tomorrow?
- 은주가 오페라 팬이라지요?
=> Don't I hear Eun-ju is an opera fan?
- 그 책이 인기였다지요?
=> Didn't I hear that the book was popular?
| 3. |
A.V. + ㄹ/을 걸 그랬다
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=> "should have . . ."
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This short form of -ㄹ/을 것을 그랬다 indicates mild regret, as in "I should have
done . . ."
- 같이 가자고 할 걸 그랬다.
=> I should have asked her/him to go with me.
- 점심을 미리 먹을 걸 그랬다.
=> I should have eaten lunch earlier.
- 떡국을 끓일 걸 그랬다.
=> I should have cooked (boiled) the rice-cake soup.
| 4.
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V. + (어/아) 봤자/보았자
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=> "even if (I try) doing . . . ," "even if (something) is . . ."
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This connective indicates the speaker's supposition of the fact or the event.
- 지금 후회해 봤자 소용없어.
=> Even if you are remorseful, it its of no use. / There is no point in being remorseful now.
- 뛰어 봤자 버스를 잡기는 힘들걸.
=> It'll be hard to catch the bus even if you run.
- 누구에게 의논해 보았자 다른 좋은 수가 없을 것 같다.
=> Even if you discuss it with someone, there won't be any good solution.
- 사람이 키가 커 봤자 7 피트도 안 될 거다.
=> Even if a man is tall, he is probably less than seven feet.
| 5. |
A.V. + (으)나 마나
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=> "no use," "no point doing," "not worth doing"
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This pattern indicates a futile attempt or uselessness, meaning literally
"whether to do it or not."
- 가나 마나 우리는 늦어서 그 영화는 못 봐.
=> There is no use going; we can't see the movie because we're late.
- 그 약은 먹으나 마나였다.
=> The medicine was no use. It didn't help.
- 경주에게 말해보나 마나 안 간다고 할 거야.
=> There is no point asking Kyungju; she'll say she won't go.
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A.V. + ㄹ/을 지경이다
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=> "to/at the point of . . . ," "almost," "nearly"
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This expression is often preceded by a verb of hardship, such as 포기하다, 쓰러지다, 죽다, 울다, 꺾어지다, or 넘어 지다.
- 시험이 너무 어려워 울 지경이었다.
=> The exam was so difficult that I almost cried.
- 피곤해서 쓰러질 지경이다.
=> I am so tired that I'm about to collapse.
- 목이 말라서 죽을 지경이었다.
=> I almost died of thirst.
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