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Case markers, postpositions, or particles indicate the grammatical relationship of the words in a sentence and often come in pairs, one for after the consonant-ending nouns and the other for after the vowel-ending nouns. Some come in honorific forms as well. The following list gives most of the case markers that are found in everyday speech.
This subject marker indicates the subject of a sentence.
- -ÀÌ comes after a consonant => Ã¥ÀÌ, ÇлýÀÌ, ±³¼ö´ÔÀÌ
- -°¡ comes after a vowel => ±³Æ÷°¡, °Àǰ¡, ¹®È°¡
- -²²¼ honorific subject marker => ¼±»ý´Ô²²¼, ¾î¸Ó´Ï²²¼, Çϳª´Ô²²¼
This topic marker indicates the topic of a sentence.
- -Àº comes after a consonant => Ã¥ ³»¿ëÀº ÁÁ´Ù.
- -´Â comes after a vowel => °ÀÇ´Â Àç¹ÌÀÖ´Ù.
This form is a direct object marker.
- -À» comes after a consonant => ¿µ»ç°üÀ» ã¾Ò´Ù.
- -¸¦ comes after a vowel => ¼¿ï °¡´Â °í¼Óµµ·Î¸¦ ÀØ¾î ¹ö·È´Ù.
a. This marker indicates "at," "in," or "on" (time and space).
- Çб³¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
- Ã¥»ó À§¿¡ ÀÖ´Ù.
- 9¿ù¿¡ °³ÇÐÇÑ´Ù.
- 1 ½Ã¿¡ ¿Ô´Ù.
b. It indicates "to" (direction or destination).
a. This marker indicates "at," "in" or "on" for an action verb.
- Áý¿¡¼ Ã¥À» Àд´Ù.
- ¼¿ï¿¡¼ ½ÉûÀü ¿µÈ¸¦ ºÃ´Ù.
b. It means "from" a place or time.
- Çѱ¹¿¡¼ ¿Â´Ù.
- 1½Ã¿¡¼ 2½Ã±îÁö ¿¬±¸½Ç¿¡ ÀÖ¾ú´Ù.
This marker indicates "to" a person (indirect object, dative marker).
- -¿¡°Ô means "to (a person)" => Ä£±¸¿¡°Ô Ã¥À» ÁÖ¾ú´Ù.
- -²² honorific form of ¿¡°Ô => ¾Æ¹öÁö²² Ã¥À» µå·È´Ù.
- -ÇÑÅ× (colloquial) means "to (a person)" => ¼±»ý´ÔÇÑÅ× ¹°¾îºÃ´Ù.
- -´õ·¯ (colloqquial) means "to (a person)" => ³ª´õ·¯ ¿À¶ó°í ±×·¨´Ù.
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¿¡°Ô¼/ ÇÑÅ×¼/(À¸)·Î ºÎÅÍ
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This marker indicates "from" a person (ablative).
- -¿¡°Ô¼ means "from (a person)" => °úÀå´Ô¿¡°Ô¼ ¼±¹°À» ¹Þ¾Ò´Ù.
- -ÇÑÅ×¼ (colloquial) means "from (a person)" => Ä£±¸ÇÑÅ×¼ ÀüȰ¡ ¿Ô´Ù.
- -(À¸)·ÎºÎÅÍ means "from" => â¼ö·ÎºÎÅÍ ¼ÒÆ÷°¡ ¿Ô´Ù.
a. This marker indicates "with (something)."
- ¿¬ÇÊ·Î ÆíÁö¸¦ ½è´Ù.
- ¸ÁÄ¡·Î ¸øÀ» ¹Ú´Â´Ù.
b. It indicates "by means of."
- Â÷·Î ½Ã°ñ¿¡ ³»·Á°¬´Ù.
- ºñÇà±â·Î ¿Â´Ù.
c. It indicates "by way of."
- ÇÏ¿ÍÀÌ·Î ÇØ¼ ¼¿ï¿¡ °£´Ù.
d. It indicates "as."
e. It indicates "in the direction of."
- ÀúÂÊÀ¸·Î °¡¼¼¿ä.
- Çб³ ¿·À¸·Î °©´Ï´Ù.
This marker means "and" and connects two nouns. It must be remembered that this pair does
not follow the rule of "consonant after a vowel and vowel after a consonant." Instead, the vowel (¿Í) comes after a vowel, and the consonant (°ú) comes after a consonant.
- -¿Í comes after a vowel => ±³¼ö¿Í Çлý
- -°ú comes after a consonant => °³Çнİú Á¹¾÷½Ä
- -Çϰí means "and, with, together" => ¼öÁøÀ̴ â¼öÇϰí Áý¿¡ °¬´Ù.
- -(ÀÌ)¶û (colloquial) means "and" => µ¿»ýÀ̶û ¾ð´Ï¶û °°ÀÌ ³î¾Ò´Ù.
This marker is pronounced [¿¡] when used as a possessive ("-'s" or "of").
- Ä£±¸ÀÇ ¹æ pronounced [α¸¿¡ ¹æ]
- ³ª¶óÀÇ ¿ª»ç pronounced [³ª¶ó¿¡ ¿ª»ç]
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