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Á¦ 2 °ú
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Àº¿µ: ¿©º¸¼¼¿ä.
Çö¹è:¿©º¸¼¼¿ä, °Å±â Àº¿µÀÌ³× ÁýÀÌÁö¿ä?
Àº¿µ:³×, Á¦°¡ Àº¿µÀä.
Çö¹è:Àº¿µ¾Æ, ³ª Çö¹è¾ß.1 Àß ÀÖ¾ú´Ï?
Àº¿µ:ÀÀ, Çö¹è±¸³ª. ³­ Àß ÀÖ¾ú¾î. ³Í ¼­¿ï ±¸°æ Àß Çϰí ÀÖ´Ï?
Çö¹è:¾Æ´Ï, ±æµµ Àß ¸ð¸£°í Çѱ¹¸»µµ ¼­Åø·¯¼­ È¥ÀÚ ´Ù´Ï±â°¡ ³Ê¹« Èûµé¾î.
Àº¿µ:±×·¡? ±×·³ À̹ø Åä¿äÀÏ¿¡ ³ªÇÏ°í °°ÀÌ ´Ù´ÏÀÚ.
Çö¹è:°í¸¶¿ö. ¾îµð¿¡¼­ ¸î ½Ã¿¡ ¸¸³¯±î?2
Àº¿µ: ³ÊÈñ ÁýÀÌ ¼­¿ï¿ªÇÏ°í °¡±î¿ì´Ï±î3 °Å±â¿¡¼­ ¸¸³ªÀÚ.
¼­¿ï¿ª ¾ÕÀ¸·Î 12½Ã±îÁö °¥°Ô.4 
Çö¹è:¼­¿ï¿ª¿¡¼­ ³²»ê±îÁö °¡´Âµ¥ ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª °É·Á? ³­ ³²»ê¿¡ °¡ º¸°í ½ÍÀºµ¥.
Àº¿µ:ÇÑ »ï»ç ½Ê ºÐÂë °É¸± °Å¾ß. º°·Î ¸ÖÁö ¾Ê¾Æ. 
Çö¹è:¿äÁò ºñ°¡ ¸¹ÀÌ ¿À´Âµ¥, ±× ³¯Àº ³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁÀ»±î?
Àº¿µ:¾Æ¸¶ ±¦ÂúÀ» °Å¾ß. °ÆÁ¤ÇÏÁö ¸¶. ±×¸®°í ¸¹ÀÌ °É¾î¾ß ÇÏ´Ï±î ÆíÇÑ ½Å¹ßÀ» ½Å°í ¿À´Â °Í5µµ Àؾî¹ö¸®Áö ¸¶.
Çö¹è:¾Ë¾Ò¾î. ±×·³ ±× ³¯ º¸ÀÚ. Àß ÀÖ¾î. 
Àº¿µ:±×·¡, ¾È³ç. 

    (Åä¿äÀÏ ¿ÀÈÄ)

Çö¹è:Àº¿µ¾Æ, ¾È³ç. ¸¹ÀÌ ±â´Ù·È´Ï
Àº¿µ:¾Æ´Ï, º°·Î. ¼­¿ïÀº ±³ÅëÀÌ ³Ê¹« º¹ÀâÇÏÁö?
Çö¹è:ÀÀ, ÁöÇÏöÇÏ°í ¹ö½º°¡ ¸¹¾Æ¼­ ¹«¾ùÀ» Ÿ¾ß ÇÒÁö6 Àß ¸ð¸£°Ú¾î. 
Àº¿µ:ÁöÇÏö Ÿ´Â °ÍÀÌ ÁÁÀ» °Å¾ß. »¡¸® °¡ÀÚ.
¼­¿ïÀº ¿©±â Àú±â¿¡ º¼ °ÍÀÌ ±²ÀåÈ÷ ¸¹¾Æ.
Çö¹è:±×·±µ¥ ¼­¿ï¿¡ ¿¾³¯ °Ç¹°ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ï? ³­ Çϳªµµ ¸ø ºÃ´Ù.
Àº¿µ:±×·³. ¼­¿ïÀÌ 600³â µ¿¾È Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼öµµ¿´´Âµ¥. ¿À´ÃÀº ³²»êºÎÅÍ ±¸°æÀ»
½ÃÀÛÇØ º¼±î? 
Çö¹è:±×·¡. ÁÁ¾Æ. 
     

¼­¿ï ¾àµµ
Map of Seoul

°æº¹±Ã 
Kyŏngbok Palace

µ¿´ë¹®
/ È«Àǹ®

East Gate/Hongŏi Gate
°í¼Ó ¹ö½º
Å͹̳¯
Express Bus Terminal
ºÏÇÑ»ê 
±¹¸³ °ø¿ø 
Pukhan-san Mountain
National Park
±¹È¸ ÀÇ»ç´ç
The Assembly Hall
¼­¿ï¿ª
Seoul Station
ÀÎõ ±¹Á¦ °øÇ×
Inch'ŏn International Airport
½Ãû
The City Hall
³²´ë¹® / ¼þ·Ê¹®
South Gate/Soongnye Gate
û¿Í´ë
The Blue House
(Presidential Residence)
³²»ê °ø¿ø
Nam-san Mountain Park
ÇѰ­
Han River
µ¶¸³¹®
Independence Gate

 

Àбâ / Extra Reading

¼­¿ï À̾߱â 

¼­¿ïÀº ÇöÀç Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼öµµ´Ù. Á¶¼± ½Ã´ëºÎÅÍ Áö±Ý±îÁö ¾à 600³â µ¿¾È Çѱ¹ÀÇ ¼öµµ¿´´Ù. Áö±Ý ¼­¿ïÀÇ ¸ð½ÀÀº ¿¾³¯°ú ¸¹ÀÌ ´Ù¸£Áö¸¸ ¾ÆÁ÷µµ ¿¾³¯ÀÇ ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î ¸ð½ÀÀ» ¿©±â Àú±â¿¡¼­ º¼ ¼ö ÀÖ´Ù. 

¼­¿ï¿¡´Â ´ëÇб³µµ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ°í, ¿©·¯ °¡Áö ¹Ú¹°°ü°ú ¿¾³¯ °Ç¹°µµ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ´Ù. ¼­¿ïÀº ¼¼°è¿¡¼­ Àϰö ¹øÂ°·Î Å« µµ½Ã°í, ÇöÀç ¼­¿ï¿¡ »ì°í ÀÖ´Â »ç¶÷ÀÌ Ãµ¸¸ ¸íÀÌ ³Ñ´Â´Ù. ¼­¿ïÀÇ ¾È°ú ¹Û¿¡´Â ¾Æ¸§´Ù¿î »êÀÌ ¸¹ÀÌ ÀÖ°í ÇѰ­ÀÌ ¼­¿ïÀÇ °¡¿îµ¥¸¦ È帣°í ÀÖ´Ù. ÇѰ­ À§¿¡´Â ´Ù¸®°¡ ½º¹« °³Âë Àִµ¥ Áö±Ýµµ °è¼Ó ´Ù¸®¸¦ ¸¸µé°í ÀÖ´Ù. 

¼­¿ïÀº ±³ÅëÀÌ º¹ÀâÇØ¼­ ¿îÀüÀ» Çϸ鼭 ±¸°æÇÏ´Â °ÍÀÌ ¾î·Æ´Ù. ±×·¡¼­ ¼­¿ïÀ» ±¸°æÇÒ ¶§´Â ¿îÀüÀ» ÇÏ´Â °Íº¸´Ù ÁöÇÏöÀ̳ª ¹ö½º¸¦ Ÿ´Â °ÍÀÌ ´õ ÁÁ´Ù. 

 


¹®Çü°ú ¹®¹ý ( Patterns and Grammar Notes )

1. 

Non-polite (intimate or plain) style speech
In the Korean language, the most important distinction is between the polite style and the non-polite style of speech. The non-polite style of speech is also known as intimate style or plain style speech. Non-polite style speech is used among social equals, by superiors to subordinates, and in intimate relationships.

Non-polite style speech employs different endings, depending on the tense and sentence type, as follows. (See also the intimate style speech chart below.)

a. Statement

  • Present
  • Áö±Ý µ·ÀÌ Çϳªµµ ¾ø¾î.
    => I have no money now.
    ³ª´Â ¾ÆÁ÷ Çѱ¹¾î°¡ ¼­Åø·¯. 
    => I'm not yet fluent in Korean.
    ¿©±â°¡ ¼­¿ï¿ªÀ̾ß. 
    => Here is Seoul Station.

  • Past

    ¾îÁ¦´Â µ·ÀÌ ÀÖ¾ú¾î. 
    => I had money yesterday.
    ¾îÁ¦´Â Ãß¿ü¾î. 
    => It was cold yesterday.

  • Future

    ³»ÀÏÀº Â÷°¡ »ý±æ °Å¾ß. 
    => Tomorrow I'll have a car. 
    ±×ºÐÀÌ ³»³â¿¡ ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ µÉ °Å¾ß. 
    => Next year, he will become a teacher.

 b. Question 

  • Present 
  • Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ÀüÈ­ÇÏ´Ï?
    => Are you calling from Korea?
    ¾ê°¡ ³× µ¿»ýÀ̾ß?
    => Is this kid your younger sister/brother?
    Áö±Ý ½Ã°£ Á» ÀÖ´Ï?
    =>Do you have time right now?

  • Past

    ¾ðÁ¦ ¿Ô¾î?
    =>When did you come?
    ±× ºÐÀÌ ³× ¼±»ý´ÔÀ̼̾î?
    =>Was he your teacher?
    ÆíÁö ½è´Ï?
    =>Did you write the letter?
    ±×°Ô ¼÷Á¦¿´´Ï?
    =>Was it the homework?

  • future

    ÀüÈ­ ÇÒ °Å¾ß?
    =>Will you call?
    ÀüÈ­ ÇÒ °Å´Ï?
    =>Will you call?

c. "Let's"

  • Present

    ÀÚ, ¶°³ªÀÚ.
    => Well, let's take off/leave.
    Çб³¿¡ °¡ÀÚ.
    => Let's go to school.

d. Command

  • present

    ¼÷Á¦ ÇØ.
    => Do your homework.
    ¹ä ¸Ô¾î(¶ó).
    => Eat your meal.
    Áý¿¡ ÀÏÂï ¿À³Ê¶ó.
    => Come home early.

e. Exclamation

  • Present

    Àú ³ª¹«°¡ Âü »¡¸® ÀÚ¶ó´Â±¸³ª!
    => How fast the tree is growing!
    ½Ã°£ÀÌ »¡¸®µµ °¡´Â±¸³ª!
    => Ah, time goes fast!
    Á¶½ÉÇØ, Â÷°¡ ¿Â´Ù!
    => Watch out, a car is coming!
    ³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁ´Ù!
    => /The weather is nice!
    À̰ÍÀÌ ¹Ù·Î ³»°¡ ã´ø °ÍÀÌ´Ù! 
    => This is just what I was looking for!

  • Past

    ³ÊÈñµé, ¹ú½á ¹äÀ» ¸Ô¾ú±¸³ª.
    => All of you have already finished your meal.
    ¼÷Á¦¸¦ ´Ù Çß´Ù. (¸¸¼¼!)
    => (I) finished all my homework. (Hooray!)

Intimate style speech chart¡¡

¹®ÀåÇü
Sentence Type
a. Æò¼­¹®
Statement
b. Àǹ®¹®
Question
c. ûÀ¯¹®
"Let's"
d. ¸í·É¹®
Command
e. °¨Åº¹®
Exclamation
Á¾°á¾î¹Ì
Sentence Ending
-(¾î/¾Æ).
-(ÀÌ)¾ß.
-(¾î/¾Æ)?
-´Ï?(-³Ä?)
-ÀÚ.
-(¾î/¾Æ).
-(¾î/¾Æ)¶ó.
-³Ê¶ó/-°Å¶ó.
-±¸³ª!
-´Ù!
ÇöÀç
Present Tense
V. + (¾î/¾Æ).
N. + (ÀÌ)¾ß.
V. + (¾î/¾Æ)?
N. + (ÀÌ)¾ß?
V. + ´Ï?
N. + (ÀÌ)´Ï?
V. + ÀÚ.
V. + (¾î/¾Æ).
V. + (¾î/¾Æ)¶ó.
V. + ³Ê¶ó/°Å¶ó
V. + (´Â)±¸³ª!
V. + (¤¤/´Â)´Ù!
N. + (ÀÌ)´Ù!
°ú°Å
Past Tense
V. + ¾ú/¾Ò¾î.
N. + À̾ú¾î./¿´¾î.
V. + ¾ú/¾Ò¾î?
N. + À̾ú¾î?/¿´¾î?
V. + ¾ú/¾Ò´Ï?
N. + À̾ú´Ï?/¿´´Ï?

not applicable (N.A.)

N.A.
V. + ¾ú/¾Ò±¸³ª!
V. + ¾ú/¾Ò´Ù!
N. + (ÀÌ)¾ú/¿´´Ù!
¹Ì·¡
Future Tense
V. + ¤©/À» °Å¾ß.
N. + ¤©/Àϰžß
V. + ¤©/À» °Å¾ß?
V. + ¤©/ÀÏ °Å´Ï?
N.A.
N.A.
V. + °Ú±¸³ª!
V. + °Ú´Ù!
N. + (ÀÌ)°Ú´Ù!

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2. V. + ¤©/À»±î(¿ä)?
"would it . . . ?," "do you think it will . . . ?"

Although this question generally solicits the listener's opinion, it requires different responses depending on the context of the question.

a. Inviting "yes-no" answer 
: "would you like to . . . ?," "shall we . . . ?"

When the subject is we, this question invites the listener's permission or agreement.

  • À̰ÍÀ» °°ÀÌ ÀdzíÇØ º¼±î¿ä?
    => Shall we discuss this together?
  • À̵û Á¡½É ½Ä»ç¸¦ °°ÀÌ ÇÒ±î¿ä?
    => Shall we have lunch together later?
  • ³×, ÁÁ¾Æ¿ä. °°ÀÌ ½Ä»çÇսôÙ. 
    => Yes, that's good. Let's eat together.

b. Asking for an opinion 
: "do you think . . . ?"

When the subject of the sentence is a third person (he, she, or they), it asks for the 
listener's opinion.

  • ±è ¼±»ý´ÔÀÌ Çб³¿¡ ¿À½Ç±î¿ä?
    => Do you think Mr. Kim will come to school?
  • ³»ÀÏÀº ³¯¾¾°¡ ÁÁÀ»±î¿ä?
    => Do you think it will be nice tomorrow?
  • ¾Æ¸¶ ÁÁÀ» °Å¿¹¿ä.
    => Probably, it will be nice.

c. Asking for advice
: "Which is better . . . ?," "Shall I do this . . . or that . . . ?"

When the subject is I, the question asks for the listener's advice.

  • Á¦°¡ ÇѰ¡Áö ¿©ÂÞ¾î º¼±î¿ä?
    => Shall I ask a question?
  • Á¦°¡ ±× ºÐ¿¡°Ô ÀüÈ­ÇØ º¼±î¿ä?
    => Shall I telephone him?
  • °øÇ׿¡ °¡´Âµ¥ °øÇ× ¹ö½º¸¦ Å»±î¿ä, Åýø¦ Å»±î¿ä?
    => I am going to the airport; shall I take an airport bus or a cab?
  • Åýô ºñ½Î´Ï±î °øÇ× ¹ö½º¸¦ Ÿ¼¼¿ä. 
    => Since a taxi is expensive, please take the airport bus.

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3. V. + (À¸)´Ï±î
"because," "since," "as," "for"

This causal connective often omits ±î and becomes (À¸)´Ï. It is used with a question or a "let's" sentence.

  • ½Ã°£ÀÌ ¾øÀ¸´Ï±î »¡¸® °¡ÀÚ.
    => Since we don't have much time, let's go right away.
  • ±× µ¿¾È ¿­½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇßÀ¸´Ï±î Àß ÇÒ °Å¿¹¿ä.
    => Since you have studied hard, you will do well.
  • Åýô ºñ½Î´Ï±î ÁöÇÏöÀ» Å»±î¿ä?
    => Since taxi fare is expensive, should we take the subway?
  • ¾àÀ» ¸ÔÀ¸´Ï±î ¸Ó¸® ¾ÆÇ °Ô ¾ø¾îÁ³´Ù.
    => Because I took the medicine, I don't have a headache.


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4. A.V. + ¤©/À»°Ô(¿ä)
=> "I/we will . . ."
This informal and colloquial ending indicates the speaker's intention. It may be used to indicate the intention of just the speaker.
  • Á¦°¡ ½Ã°£À» ³¾°Ô(¿ä).
    => I will make time.
  • Á¦°¡ ³»ÁÖ¿¡ ¶Ç ¿Ã°Ô(¿ä).
    => I will come again next week. 
  • Áö±Ý ¾à ¸ÔÀ»°Ô.
    => I will take the medicine now. 

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  5. V. + ¤¤/Àº/´Â/¤©/À» °Í 
=> "-ing," "to . . . ," "the fact that . . ."

-¤¤/Àº/´Â/¤©/À» °Í is a noun phrase, as shown in different tenses below: 

  • ¹è¿ì´Ù
    => to learn
  • ¹è¿ì´Â °Í 
    => thing(s) being learned
  • ¹è¿î °Í
    => thing(s) learned 
  • ¹è¿ï °Í 
    => thing(s) to learn
  • ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ì´Â °ÍÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. 
    => I am learning a lot of vocabulary.
  • ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¹è¿î °ÍÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. 
    => I learned a lot of words.
  • ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ï °ÍÀÌ ¸¹´Ù. 
    => I have a lot of words to learn.

Note that in colloquial usage, °ÍÀÌ becomes °Ô.

  • ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ì´Â °Ô ¸¹´Ù. 
    => I am learning a lot of vocabulary.
  • ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¹è¿î °Ô ¸¹´Ù. 
    => I learned a lot of words.
  • ´Ü¾î¸¦ ¹è¿ï °Ô ¸¹´Ù. 
    => I have a lot of words to learn.

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6. V. + Áö ¾Ë´Ù  =>"to know if/whether"
    V. + Áö ¸ð¸£´Ù  => "not to know if/whether"

¾Ë´Ù and ¸ð¸£´Ù verbs use -Áö to mean "how to" or "if/whether," as illustrated in the examples below. When a question pronoun, such as ¾ðÁ¦, ¾îµð, ¿Ö, ´©°¡, ¾î¶², ¹«½¼ or ¹«¾ù, precedes this construction, the speaker is inquiring when, where, why, who, which, what kind, or what, respectively.

µ¿»ç Verb With D.V. With A.V. With N.
ÇöÀç
Present Tense
V. + ¤¤/ÀºÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù. V. + ´ÂÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù. N. + ¤¤/ÀºÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù.
ÅèÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª Å«Áö ¸ð¸£´Ï? ÅèÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀдÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ. ÁüÀÌ ÇлýÀÎÁö ¸ô¶ó¿ä.
°ú°Å
Past Tense
V. + ´ÂÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù. V. + ¾ú/¾Ò´ÂÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù.

N. + (ÀÌ)¾ú´ÂÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù.

ÅèÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ÄÇ´ÂÁö ¸ð¸£´Ï? ÅèÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» Àоú´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ. ÁüÀÌ ÇлýÀ̾ú´ÂÁö ¸ô¶ó¿ä.
¹Ì·¡
Future Tense
V. + ¤¤/ÀºÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù. V. + ¤©/À»Áö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù. N. + ¤©/ÀÏÁö ¾Ë´Ù/¸ð¸£´Ù.
ÅèÀÌ ¾ó¸¶³ª ŬÁö ¸ô¶ó. ÅèÀÌ ¹«¾ùÀ» ÀÐÀ»Áö ¾Ë¾Æ. ÁüÀÌ ÇлýÀÏÁö ¸ô¶ó¿ä.

With a descriptive verb

  • ±× ºñÇà±â°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª ³ÐÀºÁö ¾Æ¼¼¿ä?
    => Do you know how wide the airplane is?
  • ¾î¶² ¼±¹°ÀÌ ÁÁÀºÁö ¸ô¶ó¿ä?
    => Don't you know which gift is appropriate?

With an action verb

  • ¿äÁò â¼ö°¡ ¹«½¼ Ã¥À» ÀдÂÁö ¾Æ´Ï?
    => Do you know what books Changsu is reading?
  • Ä£±¸°¡ ¿À´Ã ¹ã¿¡ ¿ÃÁö ¸ô¶ó¿ä. 
    => I don't know whether my friend is coming tonight.

With a noun

  • ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ ´©±ºÁö ¾Ë¾Æ¿ä?
    => Do you know who the man is?
  • ±× »ç¶÷ÀÌ ÇлýÀÎÁö ¸ð¸£°Ú¾î¿ä.
    => He may be a student. / I don't know if he is a student.

In the past and future tenses

  • ±× ºÐÀÌ Çѱ¹¿¡¼­ ¿Ô´ÂÁö ¾Ë¾Æ¿ä?
    => Do you know whether he came from Korea?
  • ¾ðÁ¦ºÎÅÍ ¼­¿ïÀÌ ¼öµµ¿´´ÂÁö ¸ô¶ó¿ä.
    => I don't know how long (from when) Seoul has been the capital.
  • ³»ÀÏ °æÁÖ°¡ ±× Ã¥À» »ìÁö ¸ô¶ó¿ä.
    => I don't know if Kyung-ju is going to buy the book tomorrow.
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