¹®Çü°ú ¹®¹ý (
Patterns and Grammar Notes
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1.
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A.V. + ±â·Î ÇÏ´Ù
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=> "to decide to"
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This sentence ending indicates a decision or a plan and is usually used in the past
tense. (See L11, GN1 in College Korean.)
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°úÀå´ÔÀ» ¸¸³ª±â·Î Çß´Ù.
=> I decided to meet the manager.
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ÆÄƼ¿¡ ÇѺ¹À» ÀÔ°í °¡±â·Î Çß´Ù.
=> I decided to wear a Korean dress to the party.
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À̹ø Çб⿡´Â °æÁ¦ÇÐÀ» µè±â·Î Çß¾î¿ä.
=> I decided to take an economics class this semester.
| 2. |
a.
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A.V. + ÀÚ
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=> "as," "soon after" |
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b. |
A.V. + ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ. . . |
| => "as soon as" |
-ÀÚ and -ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ are very close in meaning, but -ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ seems to have more
immediacy than -ÀÚ. -ÀÚ cannot be used in a command or a "let's . . ." construction.
(a)
- ¼¿ï¿¡ µµÂøÇÏÀÚ ÀºÇàÀ¸·Î °¬´Ù.
=> Shortly after I arrived in Seoul, I went to a bank.
- ¿µÈ°¡ ½ÃÀÛÇÏÀÚ ¾Æ±â°¡ ¿ï±â ½ÃÀÛÇß´Ù.
=> As the movie started, a baby started to cry.
(b)
- ±× ¼Ò½ÄÀ» µèÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ Àüȸ¦ °É¾ú´Ù.
=> As soon as I heard the news, I made a phone call.
- ¾ö¸¶¸¦ º¸ÀÚ¸¶ÀÚ ¾Æ±â°¡ ¿ô¾ú´Ù.
=> The baby smiled as soon as she saw her mother.
| 3. |
N. + (ÀÌ)³ª |
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=> "just," "nothing else but . . ."
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This construction has the meaning of "nothing better to do, so (I) will just . . ."
- ³·ÀáÀ̳ª Àß±î.
=> (There's not much to do.) Maybe I'll just take a nap.
- ¹æÇе¿¾È Ã¥À̳ª ÀÐÀ¸·Á°í ÇØ.
=> I am just going to read books during the vacation.
- ½É½ÉÇØ¼ TV³ª º¸±â·Î Çß´Ù.
=> I was bored, and I decided just to watch TV.
| 4. |
a. |
¾ó¸¶³ª/¾îÂ D.V. + ¤¤/ÀºÁö |
| => "It is so D.V. that . . ." |
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¾ó¸¶³ª/¾îÂ D.V. + (¾ú/¾Ò)´øÁö
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| => "It was so/such D.V. that . . ." |
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b.
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¾ó¸¶³ª/¾îÂ (ADV.)
A.V. + ´ÂÁö
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| => "It is such (ADV.) A.V. that . . ." |
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¾ó¸¶³ª/¾îÂ (ADV.) A.V. + (¾ú/¾Ò)´øÁö
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| => "It was such (ADV.) A.V. that . . ." |
This construction is used for emphasis. ¾ó¸¶³ª and ¾îÂ are generally interchangeable.
(a)
- ³ª´Â ¾ó¸¶³ª ±ÞÇÑÁö ½Å¹ßµµ ¸ø ½Å°í ¶Ù¾î ³ª°¬¾î¿ä.
=> I was in such a hurry that I ran out without wearing shoes.
- ³¯¾¾°¡ ¾ó¸¶³ª Ãß¿ü´øÁö Á×À» »· Çß¾î¿ä.
=> It was so cold that I nearly died.
(b)
- ±× ÇлýÀº ¾îÂ ¿½ÉÈ÷ °øºÎÇÏ´ÂÁö Àáµµ ¸¹ÀÌ ¾È ÀÚ¿ä.
=> The student works so hard that he doesn't sleep much.
- ±× Â÷°¡ ¾îÂ »¡¸® °¡´øÁö ¸ø µû¶ó°¬¾î¿ä.
=> The car went so fast that I couldn't follow it.
| 5.
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a.
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N. + ¹Û¿¡ ¸ð¸£´Ù
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| => "to know/care about only," "to know nothing
but" |
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b.
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V. + ¤¤/Àº/´Â °Í¹Û¿¡ ¸ð¸£´Ù
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| => "to know nothing but -ing" |
-¹Û¿¡ ¸ð¸£´Ù has several meanings, depending on the context: "knows only," "is
concerned only about," "cares only about," or "being interested only in."
(a)
- ¼öÁøÀ̴ å¹Û¿¡ ¸ô¶ó¿ä.
=> Soojin cares only about books.
(b)
- Àú ¾ÆÀÌ´Â °øºÎÇÏ´Â °Í¹Û¿¡ ¸ô¶ó.
=> She cares only about studying.
- ¿ì¸® °í¾çÀÌ´Â ¸Ô´Â °Í¹Û¿¡ ¸ô¶ó.
=> Our cat is interested only in food.
"Only" is expressed usually in two ways: with -¸¸ or with -¹Û¿¡, which must be
followed by a negative (¾È, ¸ø, -Áö ¾Ê´Ù, ¾ø´Ù, or ¸ð¸£´Ù).
- À¯·´¿¡¼ ±×¸®½º¿Í ÀÌŸ®¹Û¿¡ ¸ø °¡ ºÃ¾î¿ä.
=> I have been only to Greece and Italy in Europe.
- ±×¸®½º¿Í ÀÌŸ®¸¸ °¡ ºÃ¾î¿ä.
=> I have been only to Greece and Italy in Europe.
- ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡´Â Çб³¹Û¿¡ ¾È ³ª°¡¿ä.
=> The only place I go on Monday is to school.
- ¿ù¿äÀÏ¿¡´Â Çб³¸¸ ³ª°¡¿ä.
=> I go only to school on Mondays.
- Áö°©¿¡ 5 ºÒ¹Û¿¡ ¾ø¾î¿ä.
=> I have only five dollars in my wallet.
- Àú´Â ºñŸ¹Î ¾¾¹Û¿¡ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä.
=> I take only vitamin C.
Note that it is incorrect to say Àú´Â ºñŸ¹Î C¹Û¿¡¸¦ ¸ÔÁö ¾Ê¾Æ¿ä or . . . C¸¦¹Û¿¡ ¸ÔÁö
¾Ê¾Æ¿ä, but Àú´Â ºñŸ¹Î C¸¸À» ¸Ô¾î¿ä or Çлý¸ðÀÓ¿¡¸¸ ³ª°¡¿ä is fine.
| 6.
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V. + (¾î/¾Æ)µµ
=> "even if," "although," "even though" |
This construction supposes a real or an unreal event/situation and draws a conclusion.
When it is used with ¾Æ¹«¸® . . . (¾î/¾Æ)µµ, it means "no matter how . . ."
- ±ÞÇÑ ÀÏÀÌ À־ ÀüȰ¡ ¾ø¾î¼ ¿¬¶ôÇÒ ¼ö ¾ø¾î¿ä.
=> Even if there's an emergency, I can't contact you because I have no phone.
- Ä£±¸¸¦ »ç±Í¾îµµ ÀÚÁÖ ¸¸³¯ ¼ö ¾ø¾î¿ä.
=> Although I make friends, I can't meet with them often.
- ¾Æ¹«¸® Ãß¿öµµ ³ª°¡¾ß µÅ¿ä.
=> No matter how cold it is, you/I have to go out.
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