Unit 5 - Mga Pista at Pagdiriwang (Festivals & Celebrations)

BALARILA: PANDIWA

What is Focus?  Focus is the form of the verb (decided by the affix such as um,mag,ma,i,in,an, and so on) that dictates which of the functions in a sentence (actor/doer, object, location, beneficiary, instrument) is the Subject of the sentence.  The verb is said to be an Actor-Focus Verb when it has the affix UM, MAG, or MA (and others).  It marks the Actor (the doer of the action) as the Subject of the sentence by using the ang marker the Actor or an ang pronoun.

Identify the subject by underlining it for each sentence.  Nagtrabaho ang tatay sa opisina. (ang tatay-subject:    its function or role: actor/doer.)

1. Sumayaw ang artista. 
2. Sumayaw siya.
3. Nagmaneho ang mga tsuper. 
4. Nagmaneho sila.
5. Natulog ang bata. 
6. Natulog siya.
7. Naligo ka.
8. Kumanta ang mga tao.

A Filipino verb consists of a root word and affix(es).  The root provides the base form of the verb before any affixes are attached or before any inflections occur. 

Verbs in Filipino inflect for aspect.  Aspect shows the period during which the action is carried out in a given time.  By its affix modification or use, a verb will indicate whether or not the action has begun.  By its duplication of the first syllable, the verb will indicate whether or not the action has ended.

How are MAG verbs inflected?
Root Word:  luto = cook
Infinitive:  mag + root word            =  magluto = to cook
Completed Aspect:  nag + root word  = nagluto = cooked
Incompleted Aspect:  nag + repeat the first syllable + root word = nagluluto = is cooking, cooks
Contemplated Aspect:  mag + repeat the first syllable + root word magluluto = is going to cook, will cook
Ed, boxes will be blank and will have the words in red  appear sa click button;
Give the forms for the three aspects of the  verbs as well as the root word and the English gloss. Click on the box to confirm your answers.

1. Writing Exercise:  Ano ang ginagawa ng mga Pilipino kapag Araw ng mga Patay?  Use the words inside the box to form sentences describing what Filipinos do during Todos Los Santos.

1.  ____________________________________________________________
2.  ____________________________________________________________
3.  ____________________________________________________________
4.  ____________________________________________________________
5.  ____________________________________________________________
6.  ____________________________________________________________
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8.  ____________________________________________________________
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1. Study and memorize the following vocabulary words.  The class can have a short discussion in English about these creatures and what stories they have heard about them.

Paano at bakit sila nakakasakit sa tao?   How and why can they harm people?

The aswang can be a male or a female.  But over the years, the manananggal  for example, has been thought to be a female. The most powerful leaders in pre-hispanic society were the women and the effeminates who were the priestesses and priests - the Babaylan.  The native culture’s belief in these creatures in tandem with the Christian Doctrine made it out to be demonic and therefore should be destroyed.  These creatures of the night and darkness are believed to eat human liver and heart, and drink brain from the skull.  Belief in these creatures is a form of social control.  For instance, in the past, stories about the aswang  enabled parents to discipline their children, saying that the aswang will snatch children who stay out late in the evening.