| BALARILA 2:
The Imperative / Command form:
The Imperative verb (Kumanta ka! -- Sing!) and the infinitive (kumanta --- ‘to sing’) have the same form.
The word order of an Imperative sentence is as follows:
Actor-focus Infinitive Verb +Actor (ka/kayo/tayo) + (NG Direct Object) + (SA Prepositional Phr)
Tumawag ka ng ambulansya.
Call an ambulance! (you, singular)
Tumawag kayo ng ambulansya.
Call an ambulance! (you, plural)
Tumawag tayo ng ambulansya.
Let’s call an ambulance. (you and I)
Root word: bili (buy)
Infinitive: bumili
Completed: bumili
Incompleted:: bumibili
Contemplated: bibili
Negative Imperative / Command Sentences –
Huwag is the negative imperative word.
Halimbawa:
Huwag kang magsigarilyo! Don’t smoke!
(1) (2)(3) (4)
Structure:
(1) Huwag starts a command sentence. (Except in sentences that begin with an adverb of time or a person’s name: “Bukas, huwag kang pumunta…” (Tomorrow, don’t go…) “Linda, huwag kang….” (Linda, don’t
(2) The doer in a command sentence is always in the second person. [“You”] See above example “halimbawa.”
For actor focus command verbs (-um, mag-, ma-) the pronouns will be: KA, KAYO, TAYO
For object focus command verbs (i-, -in, -an) the pronouns will be: MO, NINYO, KAMI
(3) The vowel-final word that sits immediately before the command actor-focus (um, mag, ma)verb will have a linker ‘-ng’ attached to it.
Huwag + kang, kayong, tayong. For object focus verbs (i-, -in, -an: mong, ninyong, nating)
(4) The command form of the verb is the same as the infinitive form.
Huwag ( kang ) sumayaw! Don’t dance. (you singular)
Huwag ( kayong ) maglaro! Don’t play (you plural)
Huwag ( tayong ) manood! Let’s not watch (you and I)
Examples of NEGATIVE IMPERATIVE sentences in the Actor Focus:
Huwag kang magtaksi. (Don’t take a cab.)
Huwag kang magdala ng kamera. (Don’t bring a camera.)
Huwag kayong bumili ng pagkain. (Don’t buy food.)
Huwag po kayong bumili ng damit doon. (Don’t buy clothes there.)
The same structure (1,2,3,4 above) holds for the Object Focus. The Object focus verb (i-,-in,-an) will mark its object with ‘ang’, and it will mark its actor with a ‘ng’.
Huwag mong kunin ang Bus # 41. Don’t take Bus #41
Huwag mong bisitahin ang kaibigan mo bukas. Don’t visit your friend tomorrow.
Huwag ninyong ibigay ang adres sa tsuper. Don’t give the address to the driver.
Huwag nating lagpasan ang Mall. Let’s not go past the Mall.
Negative Declarative Sentences –
Hindi is the negative word for declarative sentences. Used in isolation, hindi means ‘No.’ Used within a sentence, hindi translates as ‘not.’ Hindi preceeds the predicate that it negates.
Unlike ‘huwag’ that takes only the second person pronoun, the negative declarative ‘hindi’ can take an actor other than a pronoun, or other than a second person pronoun.
Declarative: Hindi kumanta ang presidente. The president did not sing.
Imperative: *Huwag kumanta ang presidente. *cannot occur.
Like ‘huwag,’ the pronoun-doer of a “hindi sentence” follows the negative word:
Declarative: Hindi sila nag-aaral. They don’t study.
Imperative: Huwag kayong magtrabaho. Don’t work!
Place the UM affix where necessary:
Root word: KANTA ALIS
Infinitive: ___K__A__N__T__A__ __A__L__I__S__
Past: ___K__A__N__T__A__ __A__L__I__S__
Present: ___K__A__k__a__N__T__A__ __A__a__L__I__S__
Future: ___K__A__k__a__N__T__A__ __A__a__L__I__S__
Write a complete sentence in the correct aspect, using the following string of words. Refer to the
translation hint by clicking on the___________??? ((Ed, please complete this instruction)…
Ed, paki gawan ng CLICK itong sagot at pati na ang salin kung may lugar
(i.e. mga naka parenthesis, asul) –
1. kanta / mga bata/ ngayon
(The children are singing.) (Kumakanta ang mga bata)
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2. kanta / Brandon [and others] / tuwing Biyernes ng gabi
(Brandon and his friends sing on Friday nights.)
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3. kanta / Brandon / mamaya / diba
(Brandon will be singing, won’t he?) (Kakanta si Brandon, diba?
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4. Hindi / kanta / mga bata / tuwing umaga
(The children do not sing every morning.) (Hindi kumakanta ang mga bata tuwing umaga)
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5. hindi / kanta / sila / kaninang umaga
(They did not sing this moring) Hindi sila kumanta kaninang umaga
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6. kanta / sila / mamaya / ba?
(Are they singing later? ) ( Kakanta ba sila ngayon?)
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7. oo / kanta / sila / ngayon
(Yes, they are singing). (Oo, kumakanta sila ngayon)
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8. hindi / hindi / kanta / sila / kagabi
(No. They are not singing.)( Hindi. Hindi sila kumanta kagabi)
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9. sino /ang/ kanta?
(Who is singing?) (Sino ang kumakanta?)
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10. kanta / ba / Brandon
Brandon will sing? (Kakanta ba si Brandon?)
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