Unit 8 - Pamimili (Shopping)

BALARILA:

Adjectives are words that describe or modify a noun.

I. Adjectives may be expressed in three degrees:

A. The Positive degree - simply states an attribute of a noun, with no reference to other nouns.

Matalino si Matt. Matt is intelligent.
Maganda ang bahay.   The house is beautiful.
Mahal ito. This is expensive.
Maalikabok! It is dusty

Now, try these:

_______________________Kim is pretty.
_______________________The house is new.
_______________________This is cheap.
_______________________It’s hot!

B. The Comparative degree -  states how one noun compares to another in terms of an attribute.

Attribute:  malayo, far
Two nouns: Australia & Hongkong

Mas malayo ang Ostralya  kaysa sa Hongkong.  Australia  is farther than Hongkong.
Mas maganda si Marie kaysa kay Shelly. (kaysa kay is used before a proper name of a singular person, kaysa kina for more than one)

Now try these with ‘maganda’ ‘mabait’ ‘mura’

Mas _________________   ____Vatican City _________  ___ Las Vegas.  The Vatican City is….
Mas_________________   ____  Pedro ______________  ____ Jude.            Pedro is…
Mas_________________  _____ sapatos ko ____________  ____sapatos mo.  My shoes are…

To express an equal degree of an attribute between nouns, the root of the adjective is preceeded by kasing or its variants kasim- (before a root that starts with /p/ or /b/);  kasin- (before a root that starts with/t/, /d/, /l/, /r/, /s/.  

Kasing + bagal  à Kasimbagal (as slow)
Kasing + talino  à  Kasintalino (as smart)

Now try these:  Kasing-, Kasim- or Kasin-?

_____________bait  ni Laura si Anne. Anne is as kind as Laura.
_____________payat ni Lee si Gee.  Gee is as skinny as Gee.
_____________daldal mo siya.  You are as talkative as he is.
_____________ganda ni Tahwanda si Kim. Kim is as beautiful as Tahwanda.
_____________ligaya ako ng mga anghel.  I am as joyful as the angels.

C. The Superlative degree - states which noun of the entire group has the extreme quality expressed by the attribute. In Filipino, the superlative degree is formed by prefixing pinaka- to the entire adjective.

MATALINO:  PinakaMAtalino si Matt sa lahat. Matt is the most intelligent of all.
MABAIT:        PinakaMAbait na estudyante si Anne. Anne is the nicest student.

PAYAT:          Pinakapayat sa buong klase ang pinsan mo. Your cousin is the skinniest in the entire class.
TAMAD                     Pinakatamad sa pamilya si Bongbong.   Bongbong is the laziest in the family.

The Plural of Adjectives:

Adjectives that have the prefix ma- , when attributed to a plural noun, are made plural by duplicating the first syllable of the root.  Thus:  matalino à maTATAlino –  Matatalino ba ang mga estudyante sa UC?     Are students at UC  smart?
Adjectives that do not affix “MA-“ to the root  do not change to form the plural. 

Bago à bago 
Singular: Bago ang kotse niya. Her car is new.                  Maganda ang kotse niya.  Her car is beautiful.
Plural:    Bago ang mga damit niya..  Her clothes are new.  Magaganda ang mga damit niya.  Her clothes are beautiful.

Now try these.  Change these singular adjectives into the plural form:

Maganda > _______________                      Malayo_______________             Payat ________________
Maputi > ________________                     Luma________________             Mataba_______________
Maitim >_________________                 Masama_______________                      Mahal_________________

Give the singular and plural forms of the adjectives in parenthesis to complete the sentences:

1.  (Masaya)            _______________ang lolo ko.
2. (Maliit)            _______________ang mga bahay doon.
3. (Mura)                        _______________ang mga sapatos sa Tindahang Outlet.
4. (Malaki)            _______________ang kotse ni Jun.
5. (Kuripot )            _______________ang mga biyenan niya.
6.  (Guwapo)            _______________ang kuya niya.
7. (Mabilis)            _______________ang mga tren sa Tokyo.

PAGSASANAY 2

Tingnan ang mga produkto sa ibaba at ikumpara ang mga ito. Gamitin ang  (1) positive degree; at (2) ang comparative degree sa Filipino.

Positive adjective Comparative Adjective

Halimbawa: Ang alak at tubig  (wine and water)
Mas mura ang tubig kaysa sa alak.

1. Ang bagong kotseng BMW at ang lumang Honda Civic
a.______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________

2.  Ang pasahe papuntang Europa at pasahe papuntang Meksiko.
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. ______________________________________________________________

3.  Sa Disyembre, ang panahon sa Maynila at ang panahon sa Bei-jing.
a. ______________________________________________________________
b. _______________________________________________________________

4.  Ang eroplano at ang helikopter
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________

5.  Ang Mega Mall sa Pilipinas at ang mga mall sa Hollywood.
a. ________________________________________________________________
b. ________________________________________________________________